Audio & Analog Circuits#

Audio-specific and analog measurement: THD, SNR, frequency response, gain structure, sensor interfaces. Where the signal is the product, not just a means of communication.

• What’s the THD / noise floor? — Distortion and noise measurements. Audio analyzers, FFT-based THD, and understanding what the numbers mean in practice.
• Is the frequency response flat where it should be? — Swept or stepped frequency response measurements. Filters, EQ stages, speaker crossovers, and amplifier bandwidth.
• Is the gain structure correct through the signal chain? — Level at each stage. Headroom, clipping points, and making sure no stage is running too hot or too cold.
• Is this sensor outputting the expected voltage/current? — Analog sensor interfaces: thermocouples, strain gauges, photodiodes, microphones. Verifying the transducer output before blaming the signal conditioning.